Epivir

In the treatment of HIV infection, Epivir is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART helps to suppress the viral load (amount of HIV in the blood) and reduces the risk of disease progression and transmission.

In the treatment of chronic HBV infection, Epivir is used as a long-term therapy to reduce viral replication and prevent liver damage. It can help improve liver function and reduce the risk of complications associated with chronic hepatitis B.

Medicine is available in tablet and oral solution forms, and the dosage and treatment duration can vary depending on the specific condition being treated and other factors.

If you have been prescribed Lamivudine for HIV or chronic HBV infection, it is important to continue taking the medication as directed, even if you feel well. Stopping the medication or missing doses can lead to the development of drug resistance and reduce the effectiveness of treatment.

How to use

Here are some general guidelines on how to use Epivir:

1. Oral administration: Medicine is available in tablet and oral solution forms. If you are using the tablet form, swallow it whole with a glass of water. If you are using the oral solution, carefully measure the prescribed dose using the measuring device provided. Shake the solution well before each use.
2. Take with or without food: Epivir can be taken with or without food. If you experience stomach upset, taking it with food may help alleviate any discomfort.
3. Adherence: It is important to take Epivir consistently and at the same time(s) each day. This helps maintain a steady level of the medication in your body, which can contribute to its effectiveness. Setting reminders or incorporating it into your daily routine can help you remember to take it as prescribed.
4. Do not skip doses: If you accidentally miss a dose of Epivir, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.

Dosage

The dosage of Epivir can vary depending on the specific condition being treated, your overall health, and other factors. The following dosage information provides a general guideline, but it may differ for individual cases:

For HIV Infection:

The recommended oral dosage of Epivir for adults is typically 300 mg once daily or 150 mg twice daily. This is often used in combination with other antiretroviral medications as part of a complete regimen.

For Chronic Hepatitis B:

The recommended oral dosage of Epivir for adults with chronic hepatitis B is usually 100 mg once daily.

For Pediatric Dosing:

The dosage of Epivir for children with HIV infection or chronic hepatitis B is based on their body weight or body surface area and is determined by the healthcare professional. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and administration instructions specific to your child's condition.

Dosage adjustments may be necessary for individuals with impaired kidney function or certain medical conditions.

Side effects

Epivir may cause certain side effects in some individuals. While not everyone experiences side effects, it is important to be aware of potential reactions. Common side effects can include:

1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Diarrhea
3. Headache
4. Fatigue or tiredness
5. Muscle and joint pain
6. Dizziness
7. Insomnia (difficulty sleeping) or abnormal dreams
8. Skin rash or itching
9. Changes in body fat distribution

These side effects are usually mild and may improve as your body adjusts to the medication.

In rare cases, Epivir may cause more severe side effects. These can include:

1. Severe skin reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. These are characterized by a rash, blistering, peeling, or sores on the skin and require immediate medical attention.
2. Lactic acidosis, a buildup of lactic acid in the body, which may cause symptoms such as weakness, rapid breathing, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss.
3. Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) or hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), which can cause abdominal discomfort or pain in the right upper side of the abdomen.
4. Exacerbation of hepatitis B infection, especially if Epivir is discontinued abruptly.

It is important to note that this list does not include all possible side effects. Some individuals may experience side effects not mentioned here.

Storage

Epivir should be stored in a specific way to maintain its effectiveness and safety. Here are some general guidelines for storing:

1. Temperature: Store pharmaceutical product at room temperature, typically between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F). Avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures, such as excessive heat or cold, as it may affect the stability of the medication.
2. Moisture: Keep Epivir in its original packaging and protect it from excessive moisture. Avoid storing it in humid environments, such as the bathroom, where moisture levels can be high.
3. Light: Protect medicine from direct sunlight and prolonged exposure to light. Store it in a dark place, such as a cabinet or drawer, to minimize light exposure.
4. Keep out of reach of children and pets: Store Epivir in a secure location, out of sight and reach of children and pets. This helps prevent accidental ingestion or misuse of the medication.
5. Do not transfer to other containers: Keep tablets in its original container or packaging. Do not transfer the medication to different containers, as this can lead to confusion or accidental ingestion.
6. Check expiration date: Before using Epivir, check the expiration date on the packaging. Do not use the medication if it has expired. Properly dispose of any expired or unused medication following local guidelines or consult your pharmacist for guidance on proper disposal methods.

Overdose

If you suspect an overdose of Lamivudine, it is important to seek immediate medical attention or contact your local poison control center. Overdosing on Epivir or any medication can be serious and requires prompt medical intervention. Here are some general guidelines on what to do in case of an overdose:

1. Call emergency services: If you or someone else has taken more than the prescribed dose of Epivir or if an accidental ingestion has occurred, call emergency services right away. Provide them with all the necessary information and follow their instructions.
2. Do not induce vomiting: Do not try to induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a medical professional. Vomiting may not be effective in removing the medication from the body and can potentially cause further harm.
3. Medical evaluation: Once you reach a healthcare facility, the medical team will evaluate the situation and provide appropriate treatment. They may administer certain medications or interventions to manage the overdose and monitor your vital signs.
4. Provide information: Be prepared to provide information about the quantity of Epivir taken, the time of ingestion, and any other relevant details.

It is important to remember that an overdose can have serious consequences, and immediate medical attention is crucial. The information provided here is general in nature, and specific actions may vary depending on the individual situation.

Missed Doses

If you miss a dose of Epivir, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.

It is important to maintain a consistent dosing schedule with Lamivudine to ensure optimal effectiveness. Missing doses or irregular dosing can affect the medication's ability to control the HIV infection or chronic hepatitis B.

To help you remember to take your doses on time, consider setting reminders or incorporating it into your daily routine. You can use alarms, phone reminders, or medication organizers to help you stay on track.

 Epivir (pdf)